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White Paper: Payments Middle East
Macro-economic trends are influencing the payments landscape in the Middle East. The best such example is the plan to establish monetary union between Gulf countries by 2010. It examines the penetration of popular payment instruments in the Middle East, having regard to this macro-economic perspective. It also reviews emerging e-commerce payment trends based on case studies from Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.

White Paper: Second Life Financial and Business Aspects
Second Life is a virtual world that has been created on the Internet. It was launched originally in 2001, as Linden World, and opened to the public in March 2002. It evolved from a niche game-centric audience to become a virtual community of over one million users by 2006. The research paper analyses the financial aspects of Second Life and its potential to impact on businesses and lifestyles in the real world.

White Paper: Payment Landscape in China
With a population of 1.3 billion people, China is rapidly becoming a global economic powerhouse. What does it take though, to establish a successful business in China? What unique challenges must be overcome to be successful? What payment behaviours and preferences are prevalent there? What are the differences between the Chinese banking system and its counterparts in Europe and the USA? This White Paper addresses these questions and more, drawing attention to the salient characteristics of the Chinese marketplace.

White Paper: Direct Debit in Europe
Direct Debit is an increasingly popular method of payment in Europe. It is used extensively by vendors to collect recurring and one-time payments. Direct debit saves time, reduces costs and puts cleared funds directly into the vendor’s bank account. Altogether, Direct Debit is the one of the most popular methods of payment in Europe, with an ever increasing share of the payments market.
However, legal and banking regulations for direct debit processing still differ among European countries. This white paper seeks to establish the common ground in the absence of a European-wide framework. It provides an analysis of the benefits for debtors and creditors alike and outlines the key considerations for vendors wishing to adopt the direct debit method.

White Paper: National Direct Debit Schemes in Europe (Mandate Handling)
This white paper is intended to provide a general framework for the descriptions of national direct debit schemes in selected European countries. It puts an emphasis on direct debit schemes and its integration into the payment method portfolio of e-commerce based businesses. Aspects like registration and identification of the creditor as well as mandatory data for direct debit in countries like Germany, France, United Kingdom and several others are covered. Furthermore, it describes the different mandate handling regulations that exist in the selected countries. Concluding with a review of current and future initiatives like SEPA (Single European Payments Area) to establish a unified direct debit scheme in Europe, this white paper points out the challenges and obstacles to take within the next years.